The Problem of Freedom in the Existentialism of Kierkegaard and Sartre

The Problem of Freedom in the Existentialism of Kierkegaard and Sartre offers a critical examination of one of the central themes in existential philosophy: human freedom. The work systematically explores and compares the views of Søren Kierkegaard, often regarded as the “spiritual father” of existentialism, and Jean-Paul Sartre, the leading figure of atheistic existentialism. While Kierkegaard understands freedom as the power of “being able,” Sartre famously declares that “Man is freedom.” Together, these two perspectives represent the theistic and atheistic strands of existential thought, each affirming that without freedom, human existence cannot be properly understood.

The book is organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the contested meaning of “freedom” and outlines key features of existentialism, including brief references to other existential thinkers such as Nietzsche, Jaspers, Heidegger, Camus, and Marcel. Chapter 2 examines Kierkegaard’s conception of freedom as a mode of human existence and the power of “being able,” tracing his later acceptance of universal freedom alongside individual freedom. Chapter 3 analyzes Sartre’s philosophy, sometimes called the “philosophy of freedom,” in which man and freedom are inseparable, and explores Sartre’s subsequent recognition of group freedom. Chapter 4 provides a comparative analysis of the two thinkers, highlighting both similarities and differences. The concluding chapter addresses criticisms of both positions while affirming that freedom plays a unique and constitutive role in human existence, giving rise to responsibility and hope even in complex situations.

Originally submitted as a doctoral dissertation at Gauhati University in 2016 and revised for publication, this book draws primarily on original sources with English translations. It is intended for students and scholars of existentialism, continental philosophy, and ethics, offering a structured and accessible entry into one of the most enduring debates in modern philosophy: the nature and limits of human freedom.